http://www.learningdomain.com/MEdHOME2/BrainCognition/Instruc.Design.Smith.Ragan.pdf
According to Smith and Ragan (1999),
Instructional design can be defined as “the systematic and reflective process
of translating principles of learning and instruction into plans for
instructional materials, activities, information resources and evaluation” (p.
2). In other words, instructional design is taking the learning process and
breaking it down into step-by-step parts for teachers to follow. Smith and Ragan go on to say that there are 3
main questions that need to be answered when designing a lesson: 1.)Where are
we going? (What are the goals of instruction?) 2.) How will we get there? (What
are the instructional strategies?) 3.) How will we know when we have arrived?
(What should the test look like?) (1999).
These main questions are essential to keeping a lesson focused and are
important to ensure that learning is happening.
This week’s current topic of learning is
centered around the design of Duffy and McDonald’s Dynamic Instructional Design
(DID) model. In this model, there are
six steps that need to be followed when creating a lesson. Those steps are: know the learner, state the
objectives, establish the learning environment, identify teaching and learning
strategies, identify technologies, and the assessment (2011). These steps outline the essential parts of a
lesson that should be followed when implementing learning in a classroom.
These instructional design steps can be
used in creating lessons for a third grade class. First of all, you will need to identify who
the learners are. If a teacher knows whom
they are teaching, they can better adjust the lesson to their students’
strengths or weaknesses. Next, learning
objectives need to be determined.
Knowing where you want to go with a lesson will help keep the teachers
on tract and the students focused.
Making sure you have the time and resources necessary to complete the
task at hand can help establish the learning environment. When identifying learning strategies, a
teacher should focus on a learning method such as Problem-based Learning,
Resource-Based Learning, or Inquiry Based Learning to help students gain
knowledge in different ways. Also, when
designing a lesson for a classroom, choosing the right technology is important because
they can help assist the learning strategy that was chosen. Finally, and one of the most important parts
of instructional design is the assessment.
Knowing how you will assess student learning will help you develop you
activities.
No matter what type of classroom a
teacher may be in, if great attention is given to designing lessons, high
achievement is possible.
Lever-Duffy,
J. & McDonald, J. (2011). Teaching
and Learning with Technology (4th ed.). Boston: Allyn & Bacon.
Smith, P. L., & Ragan, T.
J. (1999). Instructional design (p. 3). New York, NY: Wiley.
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